The Hidden Signs of Vulvar Cancer: Symptoms That Are Often Overlooked

Vulvar cancer is a rare yet serious condition that often goes undiagnosed in its early stages due to subtle and overlooked symptoms. Since this type of cancer affects the external female genitalia, many women may mistake early warning signs for common skin conditions or infections. However, recognising these hidden signs early can significantly impact treatment outcomes. 

In this blog, we will explore the often-overlooked symptoms of vulvar cancer, why they occur, and when to seek medical advice. 

Understanding Vulvar Cancer 

Vulvar cancer develops in the vulva, the external part of the female reproductive system that includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. This type of cancer most commonly affects older women, but younger women are not immune to it. The exact cause is unknown, but certain risk factors, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, weakened immune function, and chronic skin conditions, can increase the likelihood of developing this disease. 

Despite its rarity, awareness of vulvar cancer is essential because early detection can improve the chances of successful treatment. Unfortunately, many women delay seeking medical help because they are unaware of the hidden signs. 

Hidden Signs of Vulvar Cancer You Should Not Ignore 

1. Persistent Itching or Burning Sensation 

One of the earliest symptoms of vulvar cancer is persistent itching or a burning sensation that does not go away despite using topical creams or home remedies. While itching is often linked to yeast infections, allergies, or dry skin, chronic and unexplained irritation in the vulvar area should not be ignored. 

You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience itching that lasts weeks or months without relief. 

 

2. Changes in Skin Texture or Colour 

The skin of the vulva may undergo noticeable changes, such as thickening, thinning, or developing white, red, or dark patches. Some women may also notice rough or scaly areas that resemble eczema or other skin conditions. 

These changes often go unnoticed or are mistaken for normal ageing, but they could be an early sign of vulvar cancer. Regular self-examinations can help identify any abnormal skin changes early. 

 

3. A Lump or Growth on the Vulva 

Any unusual lump, wart-like growth, or sore that does not heal over time should be a cause for concern. While many lumps may be benign cysts or other non-cancerous conditions, a persistent mass that increases in size should not be ignored. 

If you notice a lump that continues to grow or bleed, seeking medical attention is crucial for further evaluation. 

 

4. Unexplained Pain or Tenderness 

Pain in the vulvar area, especially if it is persistent and not related to menstruation or infections, can be an overlooked sign of vulvar cancer. Some women experience discomfort during urination, sexual intercourse, or while sitting for lengthy periods. 

Pain that does not improve with treatment or lifestyle changes should be assessed by a healthcare professional. 

 

5. Non-healing sores or Ulcers 

A persistent sore, ulcer, or lesion that does not heal within a few weeks may be a warning sign of vulvar cancer. Unlike common cuts or abrasions that heal with time, cancerous sores tend to remain unchanged or worsen over time. 

These sores may also bleed or develop a crusty appearance, making them easy to mistake for minor injuries or infections. 

 

6. Unusual Discharge or Bleeding 

Although vulvar cancer is not always associated with abnormal discharge, some women may experience an increase in vaginal discharge with an unusual odour or consistency. 

Additionally, unexplained bleeding between periods, after menopause, or following sexual intercourse should never be ignored, as it can be a sign of several gynaecological conditions, including vulvar cancer. 

 

7. Swelling or Enlargement of the Vulva 

Some women with vulvar cancer notice swelling or a feeling of fullness in the vulvar area. This may occur due to the growth of cancerous tissue or underlying inflammation. 

Medical evaluation is necessary if the swelling is persistent and unrelated to an allergic reaction or infection. 

 

8. Enlarged Groin Lymph Nodes 

Lymph nodes in the groin may become swollen or tender if vulvar cancer spreads. While enlarged lymph nodes can result from infections, persistent swelling without any apparent cause should be checked by a doctor. 

Who Is at Risk for Vulvar Cancer? 

Although vulvar cancer can affect any woman, some factors increase the risk: 

• HPV Infection: Certain strains of HPV are linked to vulvar cancer. Women with a history of HPV-related conditions should be particularly vigilant. 

• Chronic Skin Conditions: Conditions such as lichen sclerosus, which cause long-term irritation and inflammation of the vulva, may raise the risk. 

• Weakened Immune System: Women with suppressed immune function due to medications or illnesses may have a higher risk of developing vulvar cancer. 

• Smoking: Tobacco use is associated with an increased risk of vulvar and other gynaecological cancers. 

• Age: Although vulvar cancer is more common in postmenopausal women, it can also occur in younger individuals. 

When to See a Doctor 

Non-cancerous conditions can cause many of the symptoms mentioned above, but persistent or unexplained changes should not be ignored. If you experience any of the following, consult a healthcare provider: 

• Symptoms that persist for more than a few weeks 

• Non-healing sores or ulcers on the vulva 

• A lump that continues to grow or change in appearance 

• Unexplained bleeding or discharge 

• Persistent pain, itching, or burning sensations 

How Is Vulvar Cancer Diagnosed? 

If a doctor suspects vulvar cancer, they may perform a physical examination and recommend further tests such as: 

• Biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken for laboratory analysis to determine if cancer cells are present. 

• Colposcopy: A magnified examination of the vulva to detect abnormal cells. 

• Imaging Tests: In some cases, CT scans or MRIs may be needed to check if the cancer has spread. 

Early diagnosis is crucial because treatment options, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, are more effective when the cancer is caught in its initial stages. 

Preventive Measures 

While not all cases of vulvar cancer can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes and medical precautions can lower the risk: 

• HPV Vaccination: Vaccination against HPV can help prevent infections that may lead to vulvar cancer. 

• Regular Gynaecological Check-ups: Routine medical visits can help detect any abnormalities early. 

• Good Hygiene and Skin Care: Keeping the vulvar area clean and avoiding irritants can prevent long-term skin damage. 

• Quitting Smoking: Avoiding tobacco can reduce the risk of many types of cancer, including vulvar cancer. 

Conclusion 

Vulvar cancer is a rare but serious condition that often goes unnoticed in its initial stages. Many symptoms, such as itching, skin changes, lumps, and pain, are frequently mistaken for minor issues. However, recognising these hidden signs and seeking medical advice early can significantly improve treatment outcomes. 

If you experience persistent symptoms, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional. Raising awareness about vulvar cancer and its overlooked signs can help more women detect the disease early and receive timely treatment.